Ph.D., American History, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
Advisor: George M. Marsden
Dissertation: “The Life of Prayer in a World of Science: Protestants, Prayer,
and American Culture, 1870-1930.”
M.A., American History, University of Notre Dame
B.A., History, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
B.A., Theology, Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, Illinois.